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Permanent dye, the most popular product for at-home hair coloring, is also known as an oxidation dye. As any high school chemistry student can tell you, oxidation is a chemical reaction that either adds or removes oxygen. Shortly before application to the hair, the dye intermediate and the hydrogen peroxide solution (a.k.a., the developer) are mixed. Because of the chemical reaction, the solution causes the hair to swell and allows the dye to penetrate the hair shaft.
Additionally, that same high school chemistry student can tell you, unless instructions are precisely followed, things can go wrong with a chemical reaction that can result in a bad grade or worse yet, a bad dye job. Here's a list of frequent mistakes:
- Expired solution. Once the solution is mixed, it should be used immediately. You cannot save unused dyes because the chemical reaction has already started and will not retain its dye-ability. Throw away mixed dyes!
- Wrong ratios. Too much dye or too much developer (usually hydrogen peroxide) can result in unexpected results. Follow directions carefully.
- Extreme temperature. Because of the instability of the chemicals, if they are mixed in a temperature that is too hot or cold, then the solution may be affected. Mix at room temperature.
- Long application. Applying hair dye for too long can adversely affect hair strength. Hair can't heal itself. The only solution to get rid of damaged hair is to cut off the damage. However, there are a few things you can do to mask the damage, like deep conditioning treats.
- Too frequent coloring. As a rule, you should not dye your hair more than once every three to four weeks. More frequent applications may result in hair damage. If you need to touch up the roots (new hair not previously processed), then you should do it with some care, concentrating on new growth. Use a color brush, it will gives you the ability to apply color with precision accuracy, so it's perfect for touch-up jobs.
- Bleaching. Bleaching increases risk of hair damage. Until you master the at-home hair coloring process, it's best to change your hair color by only a few degrees.
As always, follow the manufacturer's directions and do the hair strand allergy test.
It's not necessary to understand all the chemical processes that take place when you dye your hair, but understanding how to minimize variations in the process will help to achieve salon-like results and put you on the road to creating a beautiful you
- Color and recolor all over The worst thing you can do if you color your own hair is to apply the permanent color throughout your hair every time you color. It makes the hair more porous with the repeated colorings and it grabs more color giving you uneven color.
It is not healthy for your hair either. Try a semi permanent color instead if you don't have the time to do the job properly.
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